., La Chesnaye-Desbois, Franois Alexandre Aubert de, (3rd edition. Family History Department. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. John had his young nephew crowned King of France in Paris so that for a little while at least there were technically two kings of France at the same time, though it rather depended where you were as to which one you recognised in public. 146 relations. Pronunciation of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford with and more for John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. Father of Infant; N.N. Stratford, Jenny. Johns died at Rouen in 1435 during negations with the Burgundians who were breaking their alliance with the English to make a separate peace with the French. Prince John first appears in 1 Henry IV where he fights for his father at the Battle of Shrewsbury. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. 1 p. 244 table 2 pt. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War.Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Between 1403 and 1405, grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation, and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. He married Jacquette de Luxembourg (c1415-1472) 1433 JL ." Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. [S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 202. 2. His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire. Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England. Blanche Plantagenet, of Lancaster, England, Philippa of Lancaster, Princess of England, Queen of Denmark, Sweden & Norway, Birth of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Relevance. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. His wife died that year and, although he remarried the following year, he was clearly losing control of the situation in France. After Anne's death in childbirth in 1432, he married Jacquetta of Luxembourg. "Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses", pp. Appears in: Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; Henry V; Henry VI, Part 1. . This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (miniature from Bedford Hours) Born 20 June 1389 Died 14 September 1435 (aged 46) Castle of 'Joyeux Repos', Rouen: Burial Rouen Cathedral, Normandy: Spouse Anne of Burgundy m. 1423; dec. 1432 Jacquetta of Luxembourg m. 1433; wid. By the late 1420's, however, the French, under the guidance of the new King Charles VII and a young girl named Joan of Arc, began to fight back furiously. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. edit descriptions of this character John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford's photo gallery Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). The king renewed the Hundred Years War with France in 1415 and Bedford played a large part in the proceedings in support of his brother. 2nd edition, 2011), vol. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. In any event Henry of Monmouth shook boorish habits from him as soon as he became king and went off to do what medieval English nobility expected of their monarchs he went to war with someone, gained victory and land. Henry V had relied upon John when he was away fighting to rule in his absence. The Bretons were so moved by the impoverished state of Jeans son Jean II that Nicole de Chtillon-Blois married him on 18 June 1437, bringing a large dowry that was vastly supplemented when she inherited the fabulously wealthy County of Penthievre in Brittany. Yolandes grandson became Louis VII of France and her grand-daughter was Margaret of Anjou, Queen Consort of Henry VI of England whose mother Catherine of Valois was Charless sister. [3], John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg.[4]. In June 1433, Jean died penniless and in debt. He was able to capture the city of Harfleur and went on to secure one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War, at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415. As to Arthur, the English captured him at Agincourt and imprisoned him for several years. Georgette Heyer's novel My Lord John is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty. His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire. It was not until 1422, upon the premature death of the king, that Bedford became a true political colossus within both England and France. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1 as Duke of Bedford. ; Richard of Bedford and Mary of Bedford In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). He took the reigns of power for his brother three times in total. The Lady of the Rivers (The Plantagenet and Tudor Novels, #1), My Lord of Bedford, 1389 - 1435: Being the Life of John of Lancaster, First Duke of Bedford, Brother of Henry V and Regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford's photo gallery, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Sir Richard Vernon, 8th Baron of Shipbrook, Richard le Scrope, Bishop of Lichfield and Archbishop of York, Thomas Fitzalan, 5th Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey, Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, Vernon of the Yorkist (White Rose) Faction, Basset of the Lancastrian (Red Rose) faction, General of the French Garrison at Bordeaux. [2] He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V.[3][4]. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his wife, Anne, daughter of John the Fearless of Burgundy. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. Although Queen Isabeau agreed to cede the throne of France to Henry VI, Yolande, perceiving the threat posed to Anjou by the growing power of Burgundy, took the dissenting French court and the young Charles to the safety of Provence. Yolande taught Margaret etiquette, literature and accounting: had she married a sane king, Margaret would have been a great asset to England. 16 Jan. 2023 . 1389-1435. Biography. In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., vol. In 1399, his father deposed King Richard II and crowned himself as King Henry IV. [S14] #236 Encyclopdie gnalogique des maisons souveraines du monde (1959-1966), Sirjean, Gaston, (Paris: Gaston Sirjean, 1959-1966), FHL book 944 D5se., vol. 1885-1900. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, 14. He was given several important commands and also played a larger part in the day to day governing of England, even passing the death sentence on the Lollard rebel John Oldcastle. Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, 30. This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). He was an extremely important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the Bedford Master and his workshop) and England. Throughout his life he identified himself with his brother's policies, especially in pursuing English claims to the French throne. Much of the period of Henry VIs minority is filled with the political machinations of John and Humphrey who was created Duke of Gloucester and Earl of Pembroke. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In 1428, the French retook the city of Orleans, killing the English commander the Earl of Salisbury. Bedford then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI in Paris. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Add MS 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. When Joan of Arc was captured by the English, Jean sold all his family silver to raise another army and seized the town where Joan was held. 19 volumes. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, pages 70,72. When John of Lancaster 1st Duke of Bedford was born on 20 June 1389, in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, England, his father, Henry IV, was 22 and his mother, Mary de Bohun, was 21. Bedford defeated the French several times, notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. Find John Of Lancaster 1st Duke Of Bedford stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. ." Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bedford-john-lancaster-duke, JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Today, a plaque marks its former location. [S347] Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists: the Descent from the Later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of Emigrants from England and Wales to the North American Colonies Before 1701 (2nd ed., 1999), Faris, David, (2nd edition. Duke of Bedford. [S20] Magna Carta Ancestry: A study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Richardson, Douglas, (Kimball G. Everingham, editor. Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 12. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. After the Percies (the family that had played the biggest role in putting Henry on the throne) unsuccessfully rebelled against the king in 1403, John, along with many others, shared in the spoils they left behind and considerably increased his wealth. Joan of Arc was heavily supported by Yolande of Aragon and Arthur of Brittany, neither of whom receives the credit they deserve. Between 1403 and 1405 grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. 29 p. 427-435. Half brother of Edmund Labourde, "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. John's first marriage was to Anne of Burgundy (d. 1432), daughter of John the Fearless, on 13 May 1423 in Troyes. [citation needed], Several authoritative sources are cited by the. Marburg: J.A. [S712] #1039 Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families: with Their Collateral Branches in Denbighshire, Merionethshire (1914), Griffith, John Edwards, (Horncastle, England: W.K. preface lxiv. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. (January 16, 2023). Arthur was with Joan at Patay, and after her death he did the English even more damage than she had, driving the English out of Normandy. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . On 28 July 1488, Jacquettas 12th child and 6th son, Sir Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, led the vanguard of the Breton army of Duke Francis II at the disastrous Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier against a French army equipped with massed cannons. JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Her 4th child and second son, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Lord Rivers, financed and edited Caxtons printing of Chaucers Canterbury Tales. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regentof Francefor his nephew Henry VI. Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. [citation needed], Several authoritative sources are cited by the. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of BedfordKG(20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. John, Duke of Lancaster led English armies against the Kingdom of Scotland while his brother fought the French in mainland Europe. He had no legitimate surviving issue.[5]. He was born in 1389. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. Contents 1 Life account 2 In literature 3 Titles, styles, honours and arms 3.1 Arms 4 Ancestry 5 References His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. 2 p. 83, vol. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical p. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 410 478 pixels. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. This left Humphrey at home. She was burned for witchcraft in 1431 the French king who owed her his crown didnt lift a finger to help her. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Bedford, of course, was held responsible by many of his peers for the losses in France. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his first wife Anne. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. Paris: Schlessinger frres, 1863-1877), FHL microfilms 661873-661882., p. 834. Learn how your comment data is processed. In the Bedford Book of Hours [5] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. Other resolutions: 206 240 pixels | 412 480 pixels | 659 768 pixels | 878 1,024 pixels | 1,757 2,048 pixels. He had no legitimate surviving issue. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 138914 September 1435), was a medieval English nobleman, soldier, and statesman. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [6] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. John died in 1435 during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, near Henry the Young King. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. The French felt there was a world of difference between a mature victorious king and a baby boy they perhaps had a point given the chaos that often resulted in England when a child was on the throne. John, as well as being a soldier and a politician, was also a scholar. Jacquetta of Luxembourg was well-educated and so loved books that the Duke of Bedford bequeathed her his library. 3 p. 726. Death of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford at R Burial of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Elizabeth Woodville suggested amendments to one of Anthonys books and may have also been a patron of Caxtons. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. 17294), which were both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 1420-23, which is English (BL Ms Add 42131). . Bedford defeated the French several times, most notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. Arms of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford.svg, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Sodacan, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported, Jan van Lancaster, 1ste Hertog van Bedford, Obansk vlka mezi Armagnaky a Burgunany, , Liste des hritiers du trne d'Angleterre, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford.svg. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. Johns second wife was the seventeen year old Jacquetta of Luxembourg, daughter of Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol. - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Not that this stopped Humphrey from dabbling in politics in an attempt to destabilize Johns alliances with other European magnates. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 14221432[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. In 2 Henry IV he is portrayed in a negative light when he dupes the Archbishop and Earl Marshal into dismissing their army, before arresting them for treason. Error rating book. Her eldest child, Elizabeth Woodville, became Queen consort of England as the spouse of Edward IV in 1464. The Plantagenet family were moving ever closer to implosion. He had no legitimate surviving issue. The country was uniting behind their king and English allies in France were gradually deserting the English cause. Johns time in France had been successful the French might not have been his greatest admirers given his severe administration techniques- until about 1427 at which point a quiet country girl with a dodgy hair cut, a large sword and angels telling her what to do rather rained on his parade. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). ." The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422-1432,[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. Refusing to surrender to be ransomed, Edward was killed with his men. (Henry IVs parents were John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster while Henry Beauforts parents were John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford). 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