She already had two children and had gone through four abortions afterward, to avoid paying the ruinously high "social maintenance fee" demanded from families as penalty when they contravened birth limits. "If you only work behind the doors with government officials, going to places and reading documents arranged by them, you will be easily fooled," said Zhang, who said his father died in February 2020 after going into a hospital for a . There were virtually no incentives to comply with environmental and safety regulation, and local authorities made little effort to improve the sectorin large part because officials at the village or town level had a stake in rapid, unbridled economic growth. Back in the 1960s, more than 100 children - mostly abandoned, mostly babies and mostly girls - were brought over from Hong Kong to be adopted by British families. The daughter of a young plastic factory worker, Yi Jie, looks over a heap of plastic while cradling her baby sibling. Twenty-something Kun is a hard worker with a dream of buying a new car to boost his social status. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, plastic consumption has soared, adding an extra 25,900 tonnes of plastics in the ocean thats equivalent to more than 2,000 double decker buses. If single-use plastic production remains at the current trajectory of growth, they could account for five to 10% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, further exacerbating climate change. This ambitious plan requires the full participation of producers to consumers and is an inspirational idea, though I hadnt even heard of it before digging through plastic research, and it doesnt seem to be very widely discussed. First, this narrow focus fails to do justice to the richness and complexity of Wangs second, cinema version of Plastic China, whichunlike the first version targeting the pressconstitutes a broad social commentary and critique. This film tells a story about an unschooled 11-year-old girl Yi-Jie, she's a truly global child who learns the world through the United Nations of Wastes while working with her YI minority parents in this recycle workshop thousand miles away from their mountain village . 0000001943 00000 n There is something profoundly disturbing in the Wangs purchase of a shiny new sedan car. One first reason why Plastic China should be considered as a comprehensive reflection on the contemporary condition in China is that this is consistent with the directors intention. Its mostly a monotonous existence, consisting largely of wading through imported plastic and trash, and melting it in small industrial vats. It is important to stress that, while these features of Chinas contemporary condition can be observed in rural recycling hubs, they are not unique to these places. The LEGO Foundation is awarding a total of DKK 900 million (approximately US$ 117 Million) to support organisations that make substantial contributions to the lives of children from birth to six years old and spark a global movement to prioritise early childhood development. (Liu 2014). The countrys populist leader, Premier Wen Jiabao, had the illegal ring of refuse sites investigated and then cleaned up, which was at once a major victory and just the beginning of Wangs dive into the dirty downside to Chinas capitalist surge. China is also by far the largest source of mismanaged plastic waste, and is the biggest offender of ocean plastic pollution. 0000023972 00000 n It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. This is regrettable, for two main reasons. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China's enormous population. If we do nothing and continue to turn our beautiful world into a Wall-E-esque nightmare, then the fate of our civilization will be suicide by garbage. China is also by far the. The film clearly belongs to Chinas new documentary movement, which has created an important space for social commentary and critique since the early 1990s (Berry and Rofel 2010). Hand-picked stories once a fortnight. of mismanaged plastic waste, and is the biggest offender of ocean plastic pollution. An important implication is that improving the lives of the people who live in rural recycling hubs and engage in waste sorting and processing requires more than putting an end to waste importsespecially if imports are substituted with domestic waste, of which there is no shortage in China. She demurs, her voice growing quiet. 2014 and Persico 2010) and Zhao Liang (see Sorace 2017), among other leading Chinese independent filmmakers. The policy permeates through Chinese society in other, sometimes unexpected ways. The question remains, however, whether this was worth the enormous sacrifice in financial security, and viewers are left wondering what will happen to the family if Wang Kun is diagnosed with a serious illness. However, the films relevance extends far beyond the issue of waste management. Where Wang achieves sentimentality and awareness at displaying his subjects somber existence, he fails in giving his audience any objective information about the health, social, or environmental impacts of the Chinese recycling process. Get focused newsletters especially designed to be concise and easy to digest. siQ6_{#WP(*K9-4GF(NTZ,GI2RV#PF"@(!9BI-$(E^D]ut(nK Jgu")( D)" Families of people who died after contracting coronavirus in China's former epicentre Wuhan say they are constantly monitored and warned by authorities, who tell them speaking out will damage . Answer (1 of 7): Hi, from the grandchild of 3 families that would probably be considered bourgeois before 49 Family 1: Paternal Grandfather family, granted this was a quirky case as he was the son of a landlord (the most dominant family in that village for sure. hide caption. !(^^\(c-RUFkEE Wangs camera catches heartbreaking images of Jie, the preteen with a collapsing weight of responsibility on her young shoulders. . 0000003791 00000 n Products. His research explores Chinas state project of ecological modernisation from the angle of e-waste reuse and recycling. A familiar margarine packet among the mountains of rubbish in a backyard recycling facility on China. During the reform era, this has prevented them from enjoying key rights and public services in their place of residence. In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. He has vowed to break with the past, and usher in a new normal (xin changtai)later morphing into a new era (xin shidai)in which the countrys true wealth would reside in clear waters and green mountains (lshui qingshan), and its prosperity would rely on moderate and sustainable growth. Boss Kun and his workers separate plastics by burning samples and quickly sniffing the fumes, stimulating God only knows what kinds of cancers and brain damage. Municipalities across Canada are struggling under the weight of the rapidly accumulating plastics with no plan in place to deal with them, and it will continue to worsen if we keep living the way we have been. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. The young girl would love to visit the United States, but shed settle for going to school something her father, Peng, an alcoholic who works for the plant manager, has no interest in making happen. However, it is also strongly implied that Yijies gender played a role in her parents decision to neglect her education. They take her elsewhere, to a place where she can picture a better life, andmost damning of allit looks like this could be abroad. The U.S. used to send a lot of its plastic waste to China to get recycled. Alex Wong/Getty Images And so he set off to the rural region where he encountered a lot of resistance from those involved in the remedial waste management industry. There, he was picked up by supporters and driven to the U.S. Embassy in Beijing. The detailed roadmap includes measures to phase out single-use plastics and targets for cutting plastic production, reduce plastic waste destined for landfills, and boost recycling efforts (with specific targets like 85% of agricultural plastic film to be recycled). hide caption. Its massive local plastic production further contributes to Chinas lion share of global greenhouse emissions mainly from coal production. The seventh child, a boy, Liu Zhuang drowned at the age of five, and his mother says she cries every. 0000439946 00000 n Posted in Article, Work of Arts. Global mismanaged waste in total. Chinas decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. "Despite all the overwhelming demographic evidence, they're saying, 'We need to control you,'" says the author, Fong. "There is only one China and there is only one one-child policy, so it is kind of impossible to say the real effect of that was [of the policy]," he says. In the cinema version of Plastic China, the concept of labour exploitation applies more clearly within China and even among former peasants than it does between China and the highly industrialised countries from which waste is imported. Following the accepted narrative about China, its citizens might be expected to worship sons and disdain daughters. The news hit hard in the United States, which is home to about 60,000 children adopted from China, mostly girls. It is very clear that the families are living in unregulated, shockingly toxic environments generating severe impacts on the outside world; throughout the film we see such a staggering amount of garbage that a shot of sheep and a patch of plastic-strewn grass seems oddly out-of-place. We desperately need large-scale investment into domestic recycling plants paired with less garbage being tossed aside every day by us, the ones who buy and discard, day in and day out. It is imperative that we completely eliminate unnecessary plastics, and that can only be achieved by radically changing our habits and becoming conscious of the environment with everything we do and everything we buy. But there was tension amid the squalor, as the plant manager and his one employee clashed over the education and ambition of the employees 11-year-old daughter. Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. The people who had a stake in it did not welcome the shooting.. Not only does the country consume, at least one fifth of the worlds plastics. To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. From Jun 1 of that year, customers began to be charged for plastic shopping bags, and a total ban of ultrathin (less than 0.025mm thick) bags came into action. What could the family planning officials have done to her? A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. When probed about why he doesnt send his kids to school, his reply is that he prefers to spend money on drinking, musing that his children can attend school for free whenever they return to his home village. She picks out broken Barbie dolls and passes over Western product labels, a seemingly deliberate shot for Wang to remind viewers of the vastly different worlds between the kids who tossed those toys away and the ones on the other side of the world who pick them out of the trash to play with. There are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the town alone, giving Wang plenty of subject options. As a result, awareness of the social and environmental impact of the global trade in recyclables has increased substantially, both within and outside of China. It forces us to re-examine our waste habits and confront the reality that every time we throw out our beloved Tim Hortons coffee cups, we are poisoning our environment at an alarming rate. It is a moment that for many observers has come to define strongman leader Xi Jinping's tightening grip on China: his visibly frail predecessor, Hu Jintao, being escorted out of . It's margarine tubs, clamshells, deli containers. 0000001315 00000 n Whats more, about 91% of all plastic that has ever been made is not recycled, meaning that plastic which can take up to 500 years to decompose keeps accumulating and degrading our natural environments. Plastic China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ) is a 2016 Chinese documentary film depicting the lives of two families who make their living recycling plastic waste imported from developed countries. You need an active subscription to post a comment. The low grade plastics normally sent to China consisted of plastic bags, food labels, coffee cups and more- all products that are normally used once before being tossed away. Yet, something in Plastic China must have bothered Chinese censors, and prompted them to intervene. Ontario. Second, this prevents us from understanding why the film was censored in China, when the denunciation of waste imports actually fits with the Chinese states increasingly restrictive policies on this issue since the 2010s. It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. She babysits, cooks, works and teaches her three younger siblings while her parents do the same back-breaking work day in and day out. One ton of unsorted waste was sold to China for about $9. 0000002606 00000 n It is therefore not surprising that Plastic China is generally invoked, both within and outside of China, in connection with the global capitalist system that, for many years at least, allowed relatively rich countries to pass the burden of pollution on to China. trailer <<4243014C4E284DEB98C83941C307E81B>]/Prev 529831>> startxref 0 %%EOF 74 0 obj <>stream That's pushing policymakers to consider raising the official retirement age currently 60 for men and 55 for women for the first time in 40 years. Plastic China 's portrait of a migrant worker and his family, and the factory's ambitious owner, is touching and saddening, and puts a human face on the problems caused by China's rush to. Part of the reason she demurred when first speaking to NPR was because of how dearly her family fought for his birth. Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. But Stuart Gietel-Basten, a demographer at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, cautions there is no definitive answer. Up to 60 per cent of Quebecs plastics went to China before its ban; Halifax is reportedly sending three hundred tonnes of plastic to landfill, and Calgary is sitting on five thousand tonnes of plastic waste, with all of that having gone to China in the past. She builds forts inside the recyclables and rifles through Western magazines, piecing together clues about life beyond the garbage and enriching it with fantasies. Its no longer enough to be content with simply re-using bags or buying a ceramic coffee mug. All together, these measures are aligned with the countrys 2060 carbon neutrality targets. Her dreams are daydreams, a way for her to escape the harsh reality she experiences on a daily basis. After six months of getting to know two families who worked at one small plant, Wang was allowed intimate access to their lives. At some point, Wang Kun pushes for Yijie to attend a local kindergarten, even offering to cover the costs, yet Yijies father, Peng Wenyuan, refuses, preferring that she continue to sort plastics, do household chores, and take care of her younger siblings. Married couples in China in 2016, were allowed to have two children, after concerns over an aging population and shrinking workforce ushered in an end to the country's controversial one-child policy. But last year, China put the kibosh on . 0000024672 00000 n Yet the authorities still only allow couples to have three children. The weeklong meeting of the National People's Congress, which rubber stamps policies approved by the Communist Party leadership, provides a window into government priorities. Several experts I engaged with in recent months put forward the idea that the film prompted officials in Beijing to take this kind of action, or at least influenced them significantly (see also L 2018). He came to the throne in 1908 at two-years-old and ruled until February 1912, when he was forced to abdicate. Climate. Yet reports have linked the Yangtze river as the one of the biggest sources of global plastic pollution, claiming the river to be responsible for more than half of all marine plastic pollution, but more recent studies found that the Philippines accounts for more than one-third of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. of the plastic used in China is recycled in some shape or form. Yvan Schulz obtained his PhD from the Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchtel in February 2018. They did not officially register the last two to avoid paying a fine, but the father says he still paid a bribe to family planning officials to avoid further harassment. He used a pickax to drive them off and was imprisoned for that for half a year. discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. The smiles that break across their grubby faces belie a bleak existence for the families that scrape by sorting plastic waste. If you were hiding and they could not find you, they would kidnap your elder relatives and make them stand in cold water, in the winter," remembers Lu Bilun, a resident. In the last two years, the issue of waste exports to China has attractedconsiderable mediaand public attention. Mao's attempts to remove the family from the center of Chinese life ultimately failed, but not before destroying a few aspects of traditional culture. Last October, Jian Feng, a man reportedly from northern China, sued and divorced his wife after she had a daughter who was "incredibly ugly" and did not resemble either parent. The picture of Chinas gender regime that emerges from Plastic China is one of entrenched patriarchy, at least in the countryside, where boys are still valued more than girls (zhongnan qingn). Yeah, in China you'll meet tons of people who had siblings born while the one-child policy was in effect. Mao Yin was snatched aged two, while his father stopped to get him some water on the way home. He lived in comfort and was treated preferentially by the Wei court. "There is no use in trying to make sense of society. Kate Sheehy. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. "The policy was wrong and what we did with Chen was right," says a neighbor of Chen, the lawyer who sued the city of Linyi. A deliberate shift in consumption will not happen overnight. Along the belt, human workers pick and channel what is valuable (bottles, cardboard, aluminium cans) into sorting chutes. Puren was the youngest brother of the final Qing monarch Puyi, who ruled for four years until 1912. Today's top India news headlines, news on Indian politics, elections, government, business, technology, and Bollywood. In other words, though it looks good exteriorly, it has a lot of interior problems (Kanthor 2017). Some demographers in China argue that instituting birth limits was necessary for keeping birth rates low. Beijing seems to be neither "biding its time" nor rising peacefully. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. This targeted Boosting helps us to reach wider audiences aiming to convince the unconvinced, to inform the uninformed, to enlighten the dogmatic. Today, the ongoing secrecy and censorship makes it impossible to know how many died that night. The aspect of the film that most stuck with me personally was how Plastic China depicted the poor standard of waste management in rural China. Wang's second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. Its actually incredible that the film, which calls into question the Chinese governments devotion to environmentalism and the welfare of its people, actually made it out of the country. Director Jiu-liang Wang is one of the few documentary filmmakers in China to have taken on the government and won. "People act in funny ways," she says. Garbage collectors called rag and bone men ply the alleys of the cities, pedaling . By the time the reality show ended in 2007 after 52 episodes across four seasons it was tainted with low ratings and a lot of controversy. China implemented the policy of limiting each family to one child in 1979 to slow the growth of the country's population. 0000003466 00000 n In the U.S. alone, some 26.7 million tons were sent out of the country between 1988 and. WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. He asks Wang Kun, his boss and the owner of the recycling workshop the Pengs work in, for a raise. This is on top of the fact that Chinas population is growing by 0.5% on average annually. During that time, imperial China was replaced by the Republic of China. Such a context makes it very risky for the latter to adopt a long-term perspective and invest in new equipment or techniques. "Other doctors would artificially induce labor. Plastic pollution has long plagued China, along with severe air pollution. Many low-quality and contaminated materials are being redirected elsewhere including Africa and other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, which had arguably less capacity to prevent waste from contaminating their local environments. However, implementation of this reform only begun several years into the shooting of Plastic China (which lasted from 2011 to 2016), and remains patchy to this day. This alters the one-child policy that was introduced in 1978 to control the . "The one-child policy was not the only thing that happened in China in the 1980s and 1990s," Gietel-Basten says. It has been ten months since China closed its doors to the world's recycling waste. The photographer-turned-directors debut documentary, 2011s Beijing Besieged by Waste, discovered the city-sized hills of garbage trucked to the outskirts of the Chinese capital, where displaced families lived in houses made of trash. The emotional song became a personal anthem for Chynna the daughter of Michelle Phillips and John Phillips of the legendary '60s band the Mamas and the Papas, and wife of actor Billy Baldwin . Now the world is scrambling to adjust. The film also resonated with the study of Chinas so-called informal recycling world that I conducted in the mid-2010s (Schulz 2018). The man wants to remain unnamed because he believes he could be harassed again for speaking of that time. 43 0 obj <> endobj xref 43 32 0000000016 00000 n by China's decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. Image from 'Plastic China' documentary website. How much waste does China produce? In conclusion, Plastic China constitutes a broad reflexion on social problems and dilemmas in the post-socialist era. 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